György Ligeti (1923–2006) was a Hungarian composer of contemporary classical music. He has been described as "one of the most important avant-garde composers in the latter half of the twentieth century" and "one of the most innovative and influential among progressive figures of his time".
Musica ricercata is a set of eleven pieces for piano by György Ligeti. The work was composed from 1951 to 1953.
Ligeti's title should probably be interpreted literally as "researched music" or "sought music".
XI. (Omaggio a Girolamo Frescobaldi) Andante misurato e tranquillo
The Baroque composer Girolamo Frescobaldi is regarded as an important innovator in the field of the ricercare, a forerunner of the later fugue form of imitative counterpoint. Indeed, this final movement of Musica ricercata is structured as a loose ricercare or fugue, and was later published in an organ version titled Ricercare per organo – Omaggio a Girolamo Frescobaldi in 1953.
The subject is a tone row employing all twelve chromatic pitches. Successive entrances of the theme occur at the fifth, as in a proper fugue, but always immediately follow the previous complete subject statement. The countersubject, a simple descending chromatic scale, is always heard in a voice immediately following its statement of the subject. Ligeti does not adhere to a great many constraints of fugue, however, as successive entrances often result in a great deal of parallel motion between the voices. Rhythmic values gradually diminish with successive entrances of the subject, setting up a dichotomy between longer and shorter rhythmic values in the middle of the piece. After a series of stretti that extend the outer voices to the very edges of the piano's range, the subject becomes rhythmically fragmented and irregular, eventually alighting on the final pitch A, with which the entire piece began.
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